What term is used to describe periods covering one year or less?

The term "short-term" is used to describe periods covering one year or less because it specifically refers to financial or operational activities that are expected to be completed or settled within that timeframe. In finance and accounting, short-term is commonly associated with assets, liabilities, and investments that can easily be converted to cash or are due within a year.

For example, short-term assets might include cash, accounts receivable, and inventory, which are expected to be realized or turned into cash within a year. Similarly, short-term liabilities are obligations that must be settled within that same period, such as accounts payable and short-term loans.

Understanding this terminology is crucial for proper financial management, analysis, and reporting, as it helps distinguish the immediate financial needs and resources from those that are more stable or long-lasting. In contrast, other terms like "long-term," "intermediate," and "extended" refer to timeframes longer than one year and pertain to different financial contexts.